Three Kinds Of Insulin Infusion The Advantages And Disadvantages

　Insulin syringes: affordable and durable

There are two main insulin syringe, a volume of 1 ml of normal syringe, the syringe marked on the scale identified as "ml (milliliters)," according to the patient's insulin injection with the content of unit conversion, relatively little trouble; syringe than insulin pen needles and tied up pain. Another kind of direct labeled insulin syringe units, as opposed to ordinary syringe is easier to use.

Overall, the clinical use of insulin syringes need to extract insulin, is not very convenient to carry, not easy to cover injection. However, insulin syringes have the greatest benefit, is more economical, can be reused, so many patients choose to be friends.

Insulin pen: a convenient and virtually painless

Has islet tangled pen refill, refill the storage of insulin, insulin pen injection device is combined with insulin. Insulin pen cartridge may be replaced, the pen body can be adjusted dose, disposable needles specially designed ultra-fine, ultra-short. Patients in use, the button will adjust the dose to the desired dosage unit, and then the needle piercing the subcutaneous tissue, one click button to complete the injection dose. This shows the advantage of insulin pens: ① eliminates the cumbersome process of taking insulin, portable and easy to use; ② injection process more simple and subtle, ③ minimum infusion volume of a unit dose is more accurate; ④ more suitable for the visually impaired patients, ⑤ almost painless. Insulin pen biggest drawback is the need to use specialized insulin cartridge, your price insulin bottle.

Insulin pumps: more accurate close, the liberation of your life

Insulin pump by the pump, reservoir and infusion tube. Reservoir can accommodate up to 3 ml of insulin into the pump after the infusion tube connected to the front of the guide pin with the piercing needle injection in patients with the skin, then battery-powered insulin pumps insulin through a spiral motor and the body will hose connected to continuous infusion into the body.

In contrast, the insulin pump offers the following advantages: ① a lower incidence of hypoglycemia, ② to achieve accuracy is 0.05 units, particularly suitable for small doses of insulin-sensitive children and lean adult diabetes; ③ Easy Any occasion with a few clicks of a button so that the islet infusion into the body Walled, ④ living large degree of freedom, ⑤ infusion line just replaced every 4 to 7 days, skin injury, ⑥ is particularly suitable for irregular life patients.
However, the use of insulin pump tangled should have at least the following conditions: self-monitoring of blood glucose can have a good control of blood glucose self-care ability and initiative; have some cultural knowledge and understanding; have some economic viability.

Willing patients can be according to their friends, combined with the characteristics of different infusion methods, choose the most suitable method of insulin infusion, blood sugar control even better.

Diabetic Diet Do Not Have To Talk About "sugar" Pale

Diabetes afraid to eat sweets, worried about their blood sugar so sweet, sweet food, but the face of temptation, which makes sugar faithful embarrassed. Experts point out that, whether healthy people or patients with diabetes, a certain amount of sugar intake are necessary, the so-called "sugar had diabetes, you have to reject all" point of view is not entirely correct. As long as scientific eat carbohydrate foods, sugar is also faithful to stay healthy.

Method 1

Rice containing polysaccharides, can not eat rice

From the nutritional point of view, besides the sugar, glucose, sucrose, fructose and other monosaccharides or disaccharides, but also include starch polysaccharides, such as rice, wheat, flour, etc. These polysaccharide glycogen is the best material.

Guangdong Maternal and Child Health, said hospital director of physician Hu Chunling the current medical view that diabetes, especially for patients already using insulin, a reasonable control on the basis of total calories, an appropriate proportion of carbohydrate intake, may improve insulin sensitivity and improve glucose tolerance.

Therefore, the diabetes diet is mainly restricted calories and saturated fat (lard) instead of reducing carbohydrates (such as rice, pasta) in a proportion of total calories. That do not eat rice, but not conducive to blood sugar control.

Method 2

Eat less sugary snacks, sweeteners may "instead of"

A variety of candy, fruit juices, sweet biscuits, ice cream, cakes and other sweet bread or a high sugar content, easy to elevated blood sugar (ie, high glycemic index), is not conducive to disease control, therefore, patients with diabetes generally eat or not eat .

For some of your favorite candy, candied fruit cakes and other sweets with diabetes, you can choose xylitol, sorbitol and other sweeteners instead of sugar alcohols, so not only meet the sweet taste of these people enjoy, but also to control blood sugar purposes.

Method 3

Eat fruit between meals, variety selection is very important

Sweet fruit of love and hate for some diabetic patients, in fact, able to eat as long as the scientific point, a bit more sophisticated, or diabetes can also have delicious food to eat fruit.

Hu Chunling said the first time in eating fruit to be very particular about, avoid eating large meal after meal of fruit, but should be placed between the two meals to eat, so as to ensure that fluctuations in blood sugar does not happen much, if with eat dinner together, will result in insulin secretion, metabolism affected, thus undermining its activity, therefore, want to eat fruit but also for people who need to control blood sugar, fruit and food science to pay attention to time.

Secondly, the choice of types of fruit, grapefruit, star fruit, guava, kiwi fruit sugar content is low, is the choice for diabetic patients, such fruits can reduce the burden on the patient's pancreas, to help its absorption into the wealth of vitamins, minerals material and pectin, some of which trace elements can also enhance and improve the body's insulin activity in patients with diabetes, and for pineapple, grapes, oranges and other fruits with higher sugar content, patients with diabetes should eat less, or even eat.

Experts point out that if small fluctuations in blood sugar, you can choose some more suitable time low sugar content of fruit, but the large fluctuations in blood sugar, or if there is an exception, it is best to temporarily avoid certain food, etc. and then enjoy a good blood glucose control fruit sweet.

Study Found That Eating Almonds Can Help Prevent Diabetes

A recent U.S. study found that eating almonds can help prevent diabetes and heart disease. The researchers found that, add some almonds in the diet, may help treat type 2 diabetes in all patients with diabetes, type 2 diabetes accounting for 90% to 95%.
 The study, published in "American Institute of Nutrition" magazine, the paper says, eating almonds can also help fight obesity and related problems do not love exercise, can prevent cardiovascular disease. Diabetes can lead to insulin secretion, glucose into cells with the hormone and a reduced ability to transform into energy. When diabetes is not controlled, glucose and fat in the blood to stay too long, would seriously endanger the vital organs.

 The study found that almond-rich diet may help improve insulin sensitivity, reduce body tissue pre-diabetic patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Cholesterol) levels. Pre-diabetes is the patient's blood glucose level than normal, but have not reached the diabetic range. University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey conducted the study, the main focus on the 65 pre-diabetic patients after consumption of a diet rich in almonds, the impact on the body.

 The study found that eating almonds with a group, the almond-rich diet group, insulin sensitivity improved more obvious, and the body tissue density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly reduced. Research leader Dr. Wei En Michael said: "This for those who are likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases brought a glimmer of hope, dietary changes may help improve the physical condition, better prevent the formation of this disease. "It is estimated that there are 55 million people in Europe have been diagnosed with diabetes.

Eat Pumpkin Hypoglycemic Just A Legend

In diabetic patients has been circulating such a statement: "Eat more pumpkin can lower blood sugar!" And a lot of people with diabetes have been a believer in this view, growing pumpkins in the diet of consumption, and some even three meals a day eat pumpkin! pumpkin really lower blood sugar do?

 Pumpkin hypoglycemic just legend

 Relied hypoglycemic do not fly

 As a food containing sugar and energy, the overall impact on blood sugar pumpkin is definitely higher, not lower, the role of. However, and other carbohydrate-rich foods (such as rice, flour and other staples) compared to the weak increase in blood sugar, postprandial blood glucose is more stable, soothing. This is mainly due to two factors:

 1, the amount of sugar pumpkin, and people think so much. Although some pumpkin taste sweet, but in fact, 100g pumpkin contains only 4.5g of carbohydrates, the rest is water.

 2, pumpkin contains a lot of pectin, a soluble fiber, mixed with the starchy foods, will increase the viscosity of gastric contents, delayed gastric emptying is slow carbohydrate absorption, which may delay postprandial School peak.

 Therefore, the appropriate amount to eat some pumpkin for diabetic patients have some benefits, but, considering it is after all sugary foods, eat lots of uncontrolled manner pumpkin, or pumpkin and given a free hand out the consumption of regular hypoglycemic agents and insulin, are very wrong.

Diabetes Nutrition Diet Do Not Lose

Diabetes diet control to stabilize blood sugar has a very important role, but many friends easily fall into a diabetic diet of errors is simply that "eat less the better!"

 In fact, diabetes diet does not mean dieting, but not over-diet, energy intake is too small, it can not provide the body's metabolism and organs organ basic nutritional needs, but will accelerate the aging of human tissues and organs, further endangering health .

 Nutritious diet do not reduce

 Carbohydrates, protein, fat is the body Sanda nutrients, diet, nutrition can be sure not to "simplified"!

 Eat protein and vegetables, and fruits do not eat carbohydrates will lead to vitamin, mineral intake, ranging from fatigue, weakness, weight is causing nutritional deficiencies. Recommended diabetes correct diet, carbohydrates provide the total heat required to heat 55% -60% fat calories and no more than 30% of total calorie diet, protein should account for 10% -20%, and more use of dietary fiber, such as natural oats, buckwheat, vegetable stems, and fruits. The general principle is no less than 1200 kcal per day diet of heat, food not less than 150g.

 Diabetes occurs more often in urine, easily lead to water-soluble vitamins excreted in the urine, so pay attention to eat more foods rich in water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B, folic acid and nicotinic acid foods, such as also with, mushrooms, seaweed, etc.

Winning 10 Major Coup Diabetic Nephropathy

Foreign data indicate that poorly controlled diabetes, uremia can increase 17-fold. The survey showed that uremic patients with diabetes in our high growth rate than the general population increased 120 times! Based on information provided in the survey, China's diabetes patients with uremia than 50 million people, large numbers of people shocking. Diabetic kidney disease diabetic patients in China has become a tremendous threat prevention can not wait!
1, control high blood sugar: starting from the diabetes should be actively controlled high blood sugar and must be strict compliance. The more ideal blood sugar control, diabetes lower the chance of kidney disease.
Standard values: fasting blood glucose <6.1 mmol / l, postprandial blood glucose <8.0 mmol / l, hemoglobin <6.5%.
2, control of hypertension: a positive control of hypertension and strict compliance. Salt diet, proper exercise, a positive calcium. Have high blood pressure to adhere to under the guidance of a doctor taking blood pressure medicine.
Compliance value: no renal damage and proteinuria <1.0 g / day were, blood pressure control <130/80 mm Hg; urine protein> 1.0 g / day, blood pressure control <125/75 mm Hg.
3, control high blood cholesterol: LDL cholesterol are risk factors for proteinuria. Therefore, there is blood disorder, but also for lipid lowering therapy.
Standard values: total cholesterol <4.5 mmol / l, LDL <2.6 mmol / l, high-density lipoprotein> 1.1 mmol / l, triglycerides <1.5 mmol / liter.
4, regular physical examination: Diabetic nephropathy is a silent killer, no early symptoms. Must adhere to regular medical examinations, in particular to check urinary albumin.
Reminder: Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed when screening for microalbuminuria should be performed. Type 1 diabetes five years after screening. Where the initial screening of microalbuminuria was not found, an inspection should be carried out each year.
5, drug treatment: Once microalbuminuria, with or without hypertension, should be under the guidance of a doctor taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker class of drugs. Can not only lower blood pressure, can reduce urinary albumin, the progress of renal damage.
6, reasonable diet: Limit intake of protein is to delay progression of diabetic nephropathy important means of development should be based on different stages of kidney disease to take a different limit. Salt diet can help control blood pressure and edema. Add iron, calcium, helps the kidneys recover.
7, quit smoking: Smoking will accelerate the decline in kidney function. Smoking diabetic patients with renal function decline much faster rate than non-smokers. So, if you are smoking, quit immediately from now on.
8, urinary tract infection prevention and control: Diabetes patients prone to urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infection after antibiotic treatment to be formal, so as not to damage the kidneys had been "worse."
9, to avoid damage to the kidney drugs: Some drugs may damage kidney function. Mainly by renal excretion of drugs, renal dysfunction should not take. Therefore, be sure to read the instructions before taking or to the doctor.
10, dialysis and kidney transplantation: when renal failure occurs, the time to dialysis or successful kidney transplant can you regain a healthy life.

Diabetes What Are The Symptoms Lead To Kidney

Complications of diabetes is a chronic complications, caused mainly by diabetes, diabetes complications are foot disease, kidney disease, eye, brain, heart, skin diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, these complications led to death in patients with the most the main reason. Today, experts explain in detail for everyone diabetic symptoms.
(1) proteinuria: glomerular filtration pressure increased since the beginning and the filtration membrane charge changes in urinary albumin occurs only for selective proteinuria, there is no increased globulin, this state of sustainable for many years. As the glomerular basement membrane pore increases, the emergence of macromolecules through non-selective clinical proteinuria, with the further development of disease, urinary protein gradually becomes persistent and severe proteinuria, urinary protein more than 3 grams if / day, is a sign of poor prognosis. Proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy the severity of mostly progressive development until the nephrotic syndrome.
(2) edema: Early diabetic nephropathy patients generally do not have swelling, a small number of patients before reduction in plasma protein, may have mild swelling, when the 24-hour urine more than 3 grams protein, the swelling will appear. Significant systemic edema, found only in the rapid development of diabetic nephropathy were.
(3) Hypertension: Hypertension in diabetic nephropathy in common. Severe kidney disease and more hypertension, diabetes and high blood pressure can accelerate the progression of nephropathy and deterioration. Therefore, effective control of hypertension is very important.
(4) renal insufficiency: diabetic nephropathy, once begun, the process is progressive, azotemia, uremia is the ultimate outcome.
(5) anemia: Diabetic patients with significant azotemia, may have mild to moderate anemia with iron therapy. Anemia due to erythropoietin disorders may be related to long-term dietary protein restriction, azotemia related.
(6) Other symptoms of retinopathy, nephropathy is not a performance, but often co-exist with diabetic nephropathy. Some people even think that, no diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy can not exist.
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, only a more serious complication, if late may lead to death, so in the early stages of diabetes must be treated early, so as not to lead to serious complications, threatening patients life and health.

New Type Of Diabetes New Hope Of New Therapies

　Medical studies have proven that diabetes is a disease of islet function, a single check to determine whether diabetes, fasting blood glucose, some will inevitably lead to missed diagnosis of diabetes, because diabetes early first postprandial hyperglycemia, this time can be high or normal fasting glucose; the other hand, Some non-diabetic patients, such as hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, liver disease and long-term use of hormones, there may be blood sugar, fasting blood glucose alone it can also lead to misdiagnosis. Urine by the renal glucose threshold effects, and blood sugar is not proportional. Therefore, the urine can not serve as a basis for diagnosis of diabetes, diagnosed diabetes to determine the type and severity of oral glucose tolerance test must be done, insulin release test and c-peptide stimulation test, insulin receptor binding of a conditional test to do even better , according to the fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0mmol / 1 or postprandial blood glucose ≥ 11.1mol / 1 (except for pancreatic tumors, hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, liver disease and long-term application of steroids and other factors) can be diagnosed as diabetes.
On the basis of the diagnosis of diabetes such as insulin release is normal or not normal, c-peptide release in the normal range or less, can be diagnosed as ⅱ diabetes, the classics, and severe diagnostic criteria are as follows:
Mild: fasting plasma glucose and postprandial blood glucose values ​​three hours difference in the 3-5mmol / 1 (if more than 5mol / 1 should be excluded from colds, infections, mood swings, fatigue and other factors), or inadequate insulin secretion to normal, c-peptide release in the normal range.
Moderate: fasting plasma glucose and postprandial blood glucose values ​​three hours difference in 5-10mmol / 1, postprandial insulin release in 1 hour, 2 hours less than the normal 1 / 3, c-peptide release in the normal range or slightly lower.
Severe: fasting plasma glucose and postprandial blood glucose values ​​three hours difference in 10mmol / 1 below the postprandial insulin release in 1 hour, 2 hours less than the normal 2 / 3 or four points are low. c-peptide release is low.
Strictly speaking, diabetes should be divided into four types.
We're usually more concerned about is the first and second. The first is the i-type diabetes. i diabetes is insulin secretion completely disappeared, can not survive without insulin can not play live. This relatively large number of patients classified as children. But it also has this type of adult diabetes. It does need to take insulin therapy, insulin therapy if not, it will endanger the life, there will be complications. It is very important. But China is another very important issue is type ii diabetes. I just said that a particularly high rate of increase is mainly ii diabetes. Growth was particularly fast. So ii diabetes is not necessarily to use insulin to treat the. But not without insulin. It does not need insulin to sustain life, but many do not have diabetes if insulin therapy, poor blood sugar control, there are complications to occur. Then the people need to use insulin to treat. And any country, with its medical progress, scientific progress, the gradual development of economic strength, type ii diabetes with insulin, the proportion is growing. This is a reality. This is the type ii diabetes.
Now it is not only the children with type i diabetes. And many children have type ii diabetes, which is a new trend. I think that children have the original model, adults have type ii. Now is not like that. China is estimated as about children under the age of fifteen, half of i-type, half of ii-type. That is a lot of type ii diabetes children there. Japan has a investigating. ii diabetes has been accounted for 5 / 6, and children inside. Do not ignore the children of type ii diabetes. III and IV, III also known as other types of diabetes. Fourth type is called gestational diabetes. Is diagnosed during pregnancy and during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes have diabetes. This is, without exception, to use insulin therapy, blood glucose using insulin Gaoyao.
So after three types of us said why? I type because it is not, nor is ii-type, not gestational diabetes, call the rest of the third type, which is known as other types of diabetes. It is for a reason. For example, there are endocrine diseases. With pancreatic diseases. Pancreas were removed, of course, have diabetes. This has a lot of complications, and many with diabetes some syndrome. Are of this type. This type of species is very much, but it is not a particularly large number of cases. Therefore, we are most concerned about i-and ii diabetes. This is the classification of the situation.
This is a world unified taxonomic status, divided into four types. But we are more concerned about the i-type and are called primary type ii diabetes. It is not by other causes, and that is diabetes. i type ii diabetes diabetes and some are very difficult division. But most of it there are so few rules. The first is called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type i diabetes. Is no longer so called, called i-type diabetes. It's genetic and ii is not the same type. This will put more deep. It does some genetic factors with i diabetes are related. Like a human leukocyte antigen, these things are more complicated, and I no longer spoke carefully.
ii diabetes is also hereditary, and hereditary more than i type. But i type with the genetic mechanism is completely different. So two is not a disease, can not change each other, this is the first characteristic, that is, from a genetic point of view is not sick. The second it was a little boy i have diabetes than more. ii diabetes or adults are more. Of course, adults can also have i-type, children can get ii type. But still very different. The third type of diabetes do i particularly severe insulin deficiency. It should not have insulin, it can not live. The original call it insulin-dependent diabetes, why is it called dependency? Insulin-dependent doing? Insulin-dependent alive. You do not fight insulin can not.
ii diabetes for a long period of time not to fight insulin does not affect his life. However, poor glycemic control may be, may be a complication. Late may of course be a shortage of insulin. But he did not play the death of insulin will not happen soon. Then the last one is easier i diabetic ketoacidosis. Lack of insulin, too, will be life-threatening, and this started it i get sick diabetes, weight loss is often particularly evident. Particularly thin. ii diabetes in general, it does not play is the ability of insulin to maintain its life. It's weight loss is not particularly obvious. And after a lot of people down, or fat people, not the Thin Man. So he did not fight and not insulin ketoacidosis. Just poor blood sugar control, which is i-and ii-type of a comparison.

Diabetic Patients Unfit For Invasive Examination

Skin lesions for patients with diabetes is definitely a headache, therefore, patients should try to do less invasive examination, in order to avoid unnecessary pain.
Invasive inspection is in the process of diagnosis and treatment of trauma through the use of some means (such as bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture, chest cavity puncture, needle biopsy, B-or X-ray guided needle biopsy, etc.) to obtain bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid and some cells, through its visual observation, testing, observed under the microscope to make a diagnosis.
In the face of traumatic examination, diabetic patients should consider the following:
Can tolerate invasive examination. Work closely with doctors, choose small, such as minimally invasive puncture and other tests.
Blood sugar is well controlled. Understand the current level of glycemic control, such as blood glucose more than 10.0mmil / l, should first control the blood sugar. Traumatic small oral medication used to control blood sugar checks; traumatic large checks, such as into the abdominal cavity of a variety of inspection, should be replaced with insulin. Because, people under stress will be a sharp increase in blood sugar, severe high blood sugar can lead to ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma, endangering the safety of patients.
Note wound infection and healing problems. Should avoid leading to decreased resistance to other factors, such as fatigue, cold, anorexia, malnutrition, etc., necessary to give prescribed medication to prevent infection.

Diabetes Diet "should Be Three Not Six."

People with diabetes, do not touch the basic desserts, rice can not eat, can not eat much fruit ... that in the end they eat ... what? Nutrition experts for people with diabetes out of a healthy diet.
General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, nutrition experts believe that, first of all people with diabetes against eating many kinds of sweets and fruits, as glucose, sucrose, digested and absorbed quickly, will make blood sugar after eating; also eat foods that are high in carbohydrates, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, lotus root, etc.; better not drinking.
Diabetics can eat high-fiber foods, and promote the body's glucose metabolism. Such as corn, wheat, cabbage, chives, soy products.
Low-sugar vegetables. Such as leek, zucchini, melon, pumpkin, cabbage, green peppers, eggplant. The tomato sugar content is low, but also can make the fruit you can eat more vegetables.
Eat more foods containing calcium. Calcium can induce diabetic condition worsened. Such as shrimp, seaweed, spare ribs, sesame, soy, milk and so on.
Selenium-rich foods. Selenium and insulin regulation of glucose metabolism in the same physiological activity. Such as fish, mushrooms, sesame seeds, garlic, mustard, etc., they can lower blood sugar, improve the symptoms of diabetes.
Rich in vitamin B and vitamin C in food. Make up these two elements will help slow down the process of diabetic complications, diabetic retinopathy lesions to alleviate, kidney disease benefit. Such as fish, milk, cabbage, beans and vegetables, mustard, cabbage, green peppers, fresh dates and so on.
In addition, pumpkin, bitter gourd, onion, eels and other patients to drink, more food, more significant improvement in urinary symptoms effect, reduces blood sugar, regulate blood glucose concentration function, suitable for eating.
Diabetes is a common chronic non-communicable diseases, due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency due to blood glucose concentration, and thus a large number of sugar from the urine, showing polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, head halo, fatigue and other symptoms. Diabetes can cause the body to further a variety of serious acute and chronic complications, resulting in damage to the body in many systems, especially on blood vessels and nerves. Diabetes has become one of the three major killers of human health, a serious threat to human health. Among them, the diabetic foot is one of the most common complication, often leading to patient disability and even death.

Xiao Bian Tip Guard Against Diabetes, Renal Hypertension

According to a large number of figures, basically the incidence of hypertension in diabetic patients up to 40%, this figure compared with non-diabetic patients can be found, the incidence of hypertension in patients with non-diabetic patients with diabetes is 2 times the incidence of hypertension, high blood pressure so The phenomenon is not only the performance of kidney disease, but also a major factor in the development of kidney disease. Hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy also have different characteristics, then we can brief.
Alert a diabetic renal hypertension: blood pressure control standards strictly. Diabetes, blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg or more, should be given antihypertensive treatment, blood pressure control of 130/85 mmHg in patients with nephrotic control standards for blood pressure 125/75 mm Hg.
Guard against diabetic renal hypertension II: blood pressure occurred in the late diabetic nephropathy. Phase Ⅲ of diabetic nephropathy, blood pressure began to increase, the trend was gradually increased. If diabetes does not appear before or kidney disease before the blood pressure in diabetes, mostly for hypertension, elevated blood pressure after the emergence of kidney disease will be further aggravated or poor response to treatment.
Guard against diabetic renal hypertension III: Hypertension is often associated with other complications such as retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy exist for more than 80% probability.
Guard against diabetic renal hypertension Four: Hypertension is a major manifestation of diabetic nephropathy, but also facilitated the development and deterioration of kidney disease, blood pressure increased further.
Guard against diabetic renal hypertension V: diabetic patients and more associated with autonomic dysfunction, blood pressure fluctuations, and the control problems, some patients showed supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension.
Guard against diabetic renal hypertension Six: If the patients with atherosclerosis was mainly manifested as systolic blood pressure If main renal insufficiency, especially those with significant edema, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were increased.
According to our description of the above-mentioned features, we hope that friends of patients with antihypertensive drugs and then choose the time to fully consider the use of drugs at the same time as to protect renal function. Do not "make worse the east wall of the Western Wall." Hope that the above described characteristics of the patients have some friends to help. I wish the friends were physical recovery.

Diabetic nephropathy should be noted that the seven points of

Friends all know that diabetes patients, after much trouble, all they have to control. There is a complication of diabetes which is more of a headache, that is diabetic nephropathy. Experts say not all people with diabetes will suffer from diabetic nephropathy, kidney disease and the gradual deterioration of the body's filtration systems are in fact avoided, then patients should be friends, what precautions to prevent this from happening? Next we briefly explain:
Patients with diabetic nephropathy Note one: check
First of all, to maintain healthy kidneys, it should be checked annually for microalbumin. This test can detect small amounts of protein in urine, while the conventional test strips can not be measured a small amount of urine protein. Note, however, infection, stress, heart failure or check prior to strenuous exercise, may lead to increased levels of protein in the urine. If test results show that urine albumin levels increase, the need for re-examination. If the re-examination result was positive, it should be treated, the albumin levels drop back to normal.
Patients with diabetic nephropathy Note II: strict control of
In order to maintain kidney health or to prevent deterioration of kidney disease, blood sugar levels must be strictly controlled. The cause of kidney disease cause excessive AGE accumulation of glucose. Blood sugar levels closer to normal levels, the more beneficial to the kidneys. In accordance with the guidance of medical staff, try to keep the glycated hemoglobin HbA1c below 7%, 6% better, but to ensure that not hypoglycemia.
Patients with diabetic nephropathy note three: insist on blood pressure
Maintain normal blood pressure and blood pressure are often very important. If blood pressure is too high (higher than 130/80 mm Hg), it will slowly damage the kidneys. Blood pressure should be measured regularly, and learn how to self-monitoring of blood pressure. If blood pressure remained high for early treatment is very important. Nicotine, salt, caffeine and alcohol can lead to high blood pressure. In contrast, increased physical activity can help lower blood pressure.
Patients with diabetic nephropathy Note four: be careful medication
Must avoid the use of drugs can damage the kidneys. When doctors prescribe medication for you, you should seek medical confirmation that the drug did not damage the kidney side effects. Note that some non-prescription drugs may also damage the kidneys. Excessive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) will also damage the kidneys, such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Recommended on the bottle according to the usage and consumption, occasional use of these drugs is safe. However, if daily doses, will produce kidney damage side effects. Therefore, in order to treat persistent pain or inflammation need to take large doses of NSAID, you should consult a doctor.
Patients with diabetic nephropathy Note 5: The nicotine say
In order to maintain healthy kidneys, must avoid any form of nicotine intake. Nicotine and untreated hypertension as harmful to the kidneys. Because nicotine addictive, best not to touch it from the start. If you have started smoking or chewing tobacco, you can ask your doctor to quit smoking methods.
Precautions for patients with diabetic nephropathy six: taking ACE or ARB
In order to mitigate or treat renal disease, it is recommended when you need to take angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) both prescription drugs. Studies have shown that this type of control of blood pressure drugs can slow deterioration of kidney disease, protect the kidneys from further damage. In addition, other blood vessels to protect the body from injury. Began less medication and gradually increase the dosage until the kidney condition has improved, so as not to cause abnormal blood pressure reduction. If you are already taking blood pressure drugs, consult a doctor to confirm whether the drugs are taking an ACE inhibitor or ARB.
Patients with diabetic nephropathy Note Seven: reduced intake of protein
Finally, it should reduce dietary protein intake to avoid kidney disease worse. If renal function has begun to decline, reduce the intake of proteins normally help slow disease progression. Renal handling of protein will result in additional burden, because the decomposition of the N protein harmful to the kidneys. In order to maintain healthy kidneys, you can ask the doctor, dietitian and diabetes guidance to help you develop a reasonable diet.
The above is to avoid the development of diabetic nephropathy, or deterioration of some note, I hope the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in patients with some help, and hope were friends of science in everyday life and a healthy diet and lifestyle arrangements. I wish the friends were physical recovery.

The Five Symptoms Of Diabetes Type Basis

There are many types of diabetes, but there are ⅰ type and ⅱ type. Ⅰ diabetes the main problem is the lack of insulin, ⅱ diabetes the main problem is insulin resistance. Ⅰ diabetes need insulin therapy, ⅱ diabetes generally do not need insulin treatment. How to determine the type of diabetes do? For the performance of complex or atypical diabetes, may be difficult to determine the type, but for most people with diabetes to determine the type is not very difficult. Here are some basic ways to help people with diabetes for self-identification.
1 to see the age at onset: age, the smaller the greater the likelihood ⅰ type, the greater the age the greater the likelihood ⅱ type. 30 years of age get sick, ⅰ type most likely; 30 to 40 years old ⅰ type least likely, ⅱ the possibility of large type; 40 years old get sick, ⅱ type most likely, ⅰ type least likely.
2. To see the body before and after the onset: the more lean body type ⅰ the greater the likelihood, the more body fat and the greater the likelihood ⅱ type; if body lean than most normal people, ⅰ type the possibility of large, ⅱ the possibility of small type; if Most normal size and similar, ⅰ possibility of small type, ⅱ the possibility of large type; body overweight or obese, ⅰ type least likely, ⅱ type most likely.
3. To see whether after the onset of ketosis: ketosis is often ⅰ type characteristics, while the type generally do not appear ⅱ ketosis.
4. Look at response to therapy: oral hypoglycemic drug therapy for tips ⅰ type of oral hypoglycemic agents better tips ⅱ type. But a few patients with early onset ⅰ type of oral hypoglycemic agents have some effect, but soon become ineffective, this period we call the "honeymoon period." Ⅱ type of oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of patients after a period of drug failure, a condition called secondary failure drugs.
5. Look at insulin levels: low levels of insulin prompts ⅰ type, normal or above normal prompt ⅱ type. s
Human anterior pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone and growth hormone, which acts on the adrenal and thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones make the body and increase thyroid hormone secretion, growth hormone also directly promote hyperglycemia by inhibiting glucose kinase and production of anti-insulin, so blood sugar. Occurs when the pituitary tumor, the functional decline, causing growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroid hormone secretion, blood glucose levels drop. At this point, the symptoms of diabetes can automatically reduce or even disappear.
These patients more sensitive to insulin, blood glucose decreased and easy to produce unstable, even with severe low blood sugar. Can also occur on cold chills, dry hair, loss, loss of appetite, loss of libido, irregular menstruation or amenorrhea, low blood pressure and other adrenal function, thyroid function and a range of symptoms of hypogonadism.
Clinically, in addition to the active treatment of pituitary tumors may be appropriate to take some prednisone to patients, thyroid and sex hormones, insulin should be avoided. Such as hypoglycemia or adrenal hypofunction crisis, the input of glucose, while prednisone and should be used to add salt.

Excessive Use Of Lipid-lowering Drug Simvastatin Increases Risk Of Diabetes

Foreign latest research shows that cardiovascular disease, commonly used cholesterol-lowering statin drugs, excessive use may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Statins are double-edged sword
Appropriate medication to the pros and cons
According to British researchers at the University of Glasgow, said more than 40 years a quarter of British adults are taking statin drugs, such as simvastatin, which some people enough to more than 700 million. The greatest feature of these drugs is to regulate the body's cholesterol levels, lower blood levels of fatty substances, thereby reducing coronary heart disease, stroke, heart disease and other cardiovascular morbidity. Long-term clinical application showed that statins can reduce the incidence of heart disease 16%, the effect is obvious.
But experts say the latest study shows that long-term excessive use of statins, but will make an increased risk of diabetes. Researchers for the 32 700 volunteers conducted a survey found that in the long-term use of high doses of 80mg and 20mg-40mg of the population in moderate doses, the incidence of type 2 diabetes increased by 12%.
Therefore, the experts said, the need for long-term use of statins in patients with attention to strict control under the guidance of a doctor dosage is necessary.

Heart Disease, Caution Rosiglitazone

　November 13 edition of diabetes prevention and control column in the "importance of oral hypoglycemic medication treatment effects" in the text, emphasizing the importance of the drug hypoglycemic therapy, with special emphasis on the text of rosiglitazone maleate oral long-term good single-agent control of blood sugar, is an important type Ⅱ diabetic patients safe and effective treatment option. Above formulation is indisputable, but needs to be emphasized is that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued rosiglitazone maleate tablets (rosiglitazone, Avandia, TZD) medication guide reminder, Romania pioglitazone may reduce blood flow to the heart, thereby increasing the risk of heart disease, including angina or myocardial infarction onset, such as rosiglitazone and insulin or nitrates both drugs when the risks are greater, the recent there are reports in the literature of domestic rosiglitazone cause serious heart rhythm disorders, some elderly patients may have a cause mentioned in mild to moderate edema and mild anemia. Rosiglitazone, when taken with some medicines will interact lead to serious adverse reactions, including high blood sugar, low blood sugar.

As a patient taking rosiglitazone, such as the emergence of chest tightness, chest pressure or palpitation, cardiac "arrest" and so on, please seek medical assistance. Before taking the drug, the doctor should provide health conditions, such as: whether people with heart disease or heart failure, arrhythmia, diabetes, acidosis, or whether there Ι with diabetes, whether suffering from macular edema, whether pregnant or preparation for pregnancy, is suffering from liver disease, is taking an alternative treatment of diabetes troglitazone liver problems sometimes arise.
Therefore, the doctors to prescribe rosiglitazone, we must understand all the health status of patients, especially those who want to remind people with heart disease, rosiglitazone with caution.

Pyrrole Rosiglitazone May Increase The Risk Of Bladder Cancer In Some Countries Has Been Disabled

According to foreign media reports, recently, France and Germany's drug regulatory department of a common diabetes drug, "pyrrole rosiglitazone," issued an injunction, alleged that the drug was found with the incidence of bladder cancer, there may be positive relationship.
Commonly used in clinical medicine "pyrrole rosiglitazone."
May increase the risk of bladder cancer
British pharmaceutical and healthcare products regulatory agencies (MHRA) recently found that taking two "Ai Extension" (Ike properly, Ai proper sugar, pyrrole rosiglitazone) diabetes patients suffering from bladder cancer, bladder cancer, although not directly confirm This may be drug-related diabetes, but the MHRA has to European health authorities issued a circular to alert potential drug risks.
"Ai Extension" (Ike properly, Ai proper sugar, pyrrole rosiglitazone) in 2000 by a Japanese company Takeda for patients with type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemic drugs, insulin sensitizers that can effectively alleviate the insulin resistance to control blood sugar levels in patients, known side effects include causing weight gain, fluid retention and heart failure, and so on. All along, the drug is Takeda's leading products, global sales are very impressive.
Early last year, the United Kingdom for 233 000 people in an epidemiological survey has found that taking "Ai extension" of the patients increased incidence of bladder cancer, the results for the United States made a rapid response, the United States Food and drug regulatory authorities actively started a medication review.
Part of the country has been disabled
Most were wait and see attitude
Last week, French drug safety agency announced the first clinical disabled "Ai Extension", but the reason has nothing to do and bladder cancer, but because studies have shown that taking the "Ai Extension" may increase the incidence of macrosomia. German health authorities have also disabled the drug.
UK MHRA officials said, although there are reports of 573 cases of the UK, "Ai Extension" adverse reactions found in two patients suffering from bladder cancer, but this does not mean that the drug is toxic.
The MHRA spokesman said: "Although there have been some drug adverse reactions that may exist, but now stopping the drug too early, we do not want to rush out of patients because of fear of drug, which is why we not declared out, but only to inform the European regulatory authorities to review the reason! "
According to reports, the European Medicines management reports for these countries are being evaluated to ensure it can continue to use the drug, will soon determine the final result.

Department Of Endocrinology, Nanfang Hospital, Xue Yao-ming: Pyrrole Rosiglitazone Cancer Can Not Be Replaced Too Early To

Recently, the U.S. FDA and European regulatory authorities have to respond, for pyrrole rosiglitazone may increase the side effects caused by bladder cancer made a review of warning and alert doctors and patients in long-term endocrine large number of drugs caused sufficient vigilance is required.
Recalling the initial "Avandia" (rosiglitazone) event, following rosiglitazone may cause heart damage was broke and the shelf by the FDA after its "brothers" now pyrrole rosiglitazone has also been a certain degree of questioned. "XX rosiglitazone," Why hit repeatedly suffered side-effects? To address these issues, 39 health network consulting editor came Endocrinology, Nanfang Hospital Director Professor Xue Yaoming, let him come for us to answer these questions.
Experts:
XUE Yao-ming, Department of Endocrinology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, director, professor, chief physician. 2006 Harvard University Diabetes Center at Harvard Medical School Jonslin postdoctoral work, and appointed Visiting Professor at Harvard Medical School. Has extensive teaching experience and training post-doctoral, doctoral and master more than 50. Endocrine and metabolic diseases in clinical, teaching and research for 20 years, in the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine and metabolic diseases have a broad solid theoretical foundation and rich clinical experience, diabetes, thyroid disease, gout, osteoporosis and metabolic endocrine disorders disease diagnosis and treatment are unique.
News Background:
Pyrrole rosiglitazone may increase the risk of bladder cancer in some countries has been disabled
According to foreign media reports, recently, France and Germany's drug regulatory department of a common diabetes drug, "pyrrole rosiglitazone," issued a restraining order, allegedly, in the United Kingdom reported 573 cases of "Ai Extension" (pyrrole rosiglitazone ) adverse reactions found in two patients suffering from bladder cancer, experts said, the results indicate that the drug associated with the incidence of bladder cancer may have a positive relationship ... ... Click for details
Pyrrole rosiglitazone and rosiglitazone is really the same drug
Enhance insulin sensitivity is double-edged sword
For pyrrole rosiglitazone and rosiglitazone are there side effects that have burst, Nanfang Hospital, Professor Xue Yaoming director of endocrinology, said the presence of side effects and the mechanism of drug action are very relevant.
Experts pointed out that the pyrrole rosiglitazone and rosiglitazone are insulin sensitizers are, through activating the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ, involved in glucose production, transport and use of insulin response to regulate gene transcription work, but The target of this gene is high in the produce pharmacological effects, it would also have some impact on the human body.
Professor Xue Yaoming said: "This is like a river, upstream of the river there is a problem, or if changed, the downstream impact is very broad!"
Pyrrole rosiglitazone good efficacy
Can not replace clinical
Pyrrole rosiglitazone for bladder cancer risk may exist, experts point out that now is too early to draw a conclusion on the possible side effects should be an objective view.
Professor Xue Yaoming that the clinical use of rosiglitazone and pyrrole rosiglitazone is widespread, the efficacy is very good, especially as an insulin sensitizer for type 2 diabetes patients with different degrees of insulin resistance, have very good results.
"Especially when multiple drugs in combination are not working well, adding pyrrole in the drug rosiglitazone, often play better control of blood sugar!" Professor Xue Yaoming said, "FDA will rosiglitazone (Avandia ) off the shelf, but the Chinese did not do so, also taking into account the rosiglitazone their pharmacological effects are very obvious, if not inherent in the heart failure patients, diabetic patients with normal and not a very big impact. pyrrole column ketone is the same as commonly used in clinical insulin sensitizer, no other drugs can replace it! "
The relationship between drugs and cancer require long-term observation
Now is too early to disabled
Experts said that evaluation of whether a drug may cause cancer, the whole process will take long-term observations, and not with a small number of cases to the conclusion!
Professor Xue Yaoming that foreign media reports, the occurrence of side effects rosiglitazone pyrrole 573 patients, 2 patients had bladder cancer, FDA also issued a public notice by the tips may be at risk, but it does not mean that rosiglitazone and pyrrole between certain tumor there is a relationship.
"Any evaluation of whether a drug may cause cancer, require long-term observation, two cases can be said that one example, the current domestic and abroad are concerned about the progress of events, in China there is no literature reports of induced tumors Case! "Professor Xue Yaoming said.
For pyrrole rosiglitazone is safe to use questions, experts said, FDA has not issued specific findings, ADA (American Diabetes Association) has not yet issued the relevant regulations prohibit the use. Professor Xue Yaoming said: "At this stage, also need to disable pyrrole rosiglitazone, Avandia is also not fully in clinical disabled, the key is, an objective evaluation of drug and balance the pros and cons, patients get too excited!"

Calcium In Patients With Osteoporosis To Diabetes

Diabetes more likely than normal calcium? Maybe a lot of people do not believe, but experts point out that diabetes is a close relationship with calcium deficiency, especially in older patients with diabetes need to pay attention to calcium.
Osmotic diuresis
To calcium loss
Diabetes more likely than normal calcium deficiency, mainly because of increased blood sugar and urine sugar, osmotic diuresis occurs, resulting in a lot of calcium from the body in urine, the calcium decreased. Will promote the parathyroid calcium reduce the occurrence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, further leading to lower serum calcium. Also inhibit calcium on the pancreatic β-cell stimulation, insulin secretion, creating a vicious cycle, step by step worse.
Calcium
There are sugar-coated calcium how to do?
Many patients with diabetes found that many of calcium on the market, the outer layer has a "sugar" package, so people with diabetes tend to worry about long-term use of calcium-containing sweet, it will not cause blood sugar fluctuations?
In fact, a lot of calcium out of the package "sugar-coated" are made ​​with sweeteners such as xylitol, stevioside, cyclamate, etc. Although able to generate heat, but the relatively slow absorption of the body, less impact on blood sugar, can be long-term use.
In short, diabetes and osteoporosis, a number of reasons related to age, low birth weight, longer duration, and decreased estradiol levels are the risk factors. As long as the patient attaches great importance to early prevention, will be able to reduce its incidence, so that the bones of diabetic patients, "hard up".

Insulin Therapy Is The Knowledge Of The Four Life

If diabetes is not through diet, exercise or oral hypoglycemic medications to control blood sugar, insulin only, direct control of blood sugar levels. Insulin is a science, Malaysian Diabetes Association Penang branch of educators and nurses Caiyu root that from the injection site, time, skills, steps, dose of insulin storage means, must be correctly handled, otherwise futile apart, blood sugar uncontrolled rising. If not promptly corrected, continue or cause long-term complications, life-threatening.
The three types of insulin
1 Short-acting (clear) :30-60 minutes into play, duration 5-7 hours.
2 long-acting (cloudy) :60-90 minutes into play, duration 18-24 hours.
3 long-term (Mixtard, blend preparation): there is only 30/70 one, that is 30% short-acting, intermediate-acting insulin mixture of 70%.
Types of patients must be based on doctor's orders not to judge.
Abdomen fastest absorption of insulin
Whether long or short-term injection from the injection site, time, skills, steps, insulin dose to the store the way, must be processed correctly. Abdomen, arms, thighs and buttocks for insulin, insulin absorption among the fastest in the abdomen (navel from the injection point must be the width of two fingers), followed by the arm, and finally the thighs and buttocks.
Do not arbitrarily increase or decrease the number of insulin dose
Cai Yu root out that every time the site of injection must be rotated, can prevent skin pain, muscle hardening, swelling and inflammation, bleeding, let the body absorb insulin properly.
"If the same injection site, the old and new injection point must be separated by the width of two fingers for the standards in order to avoid these injuries. Remember, the injection site and needle must be 90 degrees, it will not hurt the skin, but also to ensure insulin into the body smoothly. "
She reminded the injection time, frequency and dose must be conducted in accordance with doctor's orders, and medication, like, not with their own preferences, habits, any increase or decrease.
Insulin pen injector, easy operation and accurate dose
Malaysian Diabetes Association Penang branch of educators and nurses Caiyu root that injection of insulin-specific tools can be used syringe or insulin pen (insulinepen), two injection tool is simple, accurate dose, fine needle, thus greatly reducing the pain.
She said to injection needles used only once. Re-use needles will become blunt, resulting in gaps and difficult to detect visually barb, increase the patient's pain, and even needle and skin infections. "However, based on the current high oil prices, economic downturn, most use a needle twice."
She suggested that insulin should bring their own blood glucose meters, blood glucose fluctuations daily self-test and the results recorded in the review is to enable doctors to adjust the amount of insulin.
Cai Yu root remind the patient is important to note in the insulin pen is finished. Some patients do not know of insulin has been used, still has been injected, but mistakenly thought that the situation has not improved after the injection.

Sugar Friends How To Choose The Right Psychiatrist

Mental disorders in diabetic patients survey, the incidence rate as high as 30% to 50%. Most patients with depression and anxiety symptoms, and many patients suffer from depression, a serious impact on diabetes treatment and rehabilitation, so select the appropriate psychiatrist involved in the treatment of patients is particularly important. So, how to choose your psychiatrist can give you the best guidance and help?
First, choose a psychiatrist should be taken into account
1. Look at the doctor's professional background, qualification, consulting experience, and those who have received education and training which, for any of the other.
(2) pay attention to a psychiatrist's reputation, the good doctor will always be a friend mentioned and recommended. In the waiting time, those who seek consultation often exchange views on the doctor's, especially listen to those who maintained a long relationship with a doctor's consultation the views of customers, they feel should be in place for a number of doctors.
3 concerned about their feelings to the doctor. Good psychiatrist has a strong charisma and affinity, so that patients feel safe, comfortable, loved, respected and accepted and recognized. He will lead you the desire to talk, but lead you to think, analyze, and self-restraint, and try to understand you, close to you, not control you, assess you and guide you. When you complain about someone else, he will be silent; when you reflect on their own, he will remain happy. He could hear a lot, talking little, but every word may have been a new vision, you feel a new world.
4. Looking for open minded and caring psychiatrist. Not only because such doctors is easy to master the latest knowledge and ideas, but also because they are often able to maintain adequate patient treatment will proceed.
5. Looking for inspiration and creative spirit with the psychiatrist. Treatment process is complex and difficult, it requires wisdom and new treatment methods to solve new problems emerging, the need for treatment modalities to achieve a breakthrough.
6. The best for both the psychiatric professional qualification and also have the professional background of the system of clinical psychology psychiatrist help. This is important, because patients have both physical disease, there are social and psychological factors in mental illness and psychological problems, more complex problems, while psychiatrists tend to present a simple biomedical model, prefer use of drugs; simple The lack of professional psychologists psychiatric clinical training, tend to use simple psychological approach to the problem of lack of recognition of some mental illness. The combination is the best model, most visitors to the interests and needs.
II. Patients received psychological treatment should pay attention to the problem
Treatment of any type of obstacle (whether personality disorder, neurosis or depression) is a very complex process, there can be quick treatment. Only with the following four conditions, patients may have pain from the disease to come out to see the hope of treatment:
1 patients seeking treatment must have the right attitude and objective view of their psychological problems or mental problems, and make the actual treatment expectations, do not expect to recover in a very short period of time.
(2) to find an experienced therapist, do not the character of their own preference or interest experts, should be based on expert level, experience, dedication and professionalism to choose.
3 In the course of treatment must fully trust your doctor, and he remained stable with the therapeutic relationship. Facts have proved that there are two types of patients is very difficult to cure: one suspicious of the lack of trust in the expert patients; second is to continuously replace the therapist, the lack of upholding the spirit of the patients.
4 family members of patients to fully support and cooperate with treatment, it is very important. Practice has proved that lack of cooperation and support of family members of treatment is difficult to see the desired therapeutic effect of

Psychological Adjustment To Help Treat Diabetes

1. First of all to clear, so far at home and abroad has not been found to completely cure diabetes. However, diabetes is the disease can be controlled better, as long as the face of reality, face it, treat it scientifically, it will get better control of blood sugar, avoid or delay diabetes complications and development.
2. Mental relaxation. Many diabetic patients often ask the doctor: "my condition serious?" We can certainly answer: whether the severity, as long as the scientific treatment of it, do everything possible to reduce the blood sugar down to serious diseases would not have direction. No matter how mild disease, if left unchecked, does not seriously standardized treatment, poor blood sugar control, diabetes complications will increase more and more important, the last serious, irreversible consequences.
3. Do not exist misconceptions. "Eat drink, not a disease," This is a misconception that diabetes can eat drink, eating out, drinking out of a serious health hazard of the disease. Although just three to five years of diabetes rarely disabling or life-threatening, but we must understand: From the first day blood sugar, diabetes complications began, once the clinical manifestations, dysfunction, treatment can be very difficult.
4. Develop a regular pace of life, create new patterns of life. Diabetes due to its lack of insulin secretion can not adapt to life in a variety of changes, and therefore, blood glucose will be peaks and valleys. If your daily life, diet, exercise, very rhythmic arrangements, regular, blood glucose does not significantly change. Some people with diabetes is not strong regularity of their previous lives, when the know they have diabetes after their own living arrangements should be good to establish new patterns of life, in order to ensure the treatment of diabetes effects.
5. Increasing physical activity and self-management. Diabetic patients to enhance physical activity, on the one hand improve the body's resistance, and develop their own self-control. People tend to act is limited to the future there will be rebellious, which is entirely understandable, for example, may not usually think of eating fruit, and now have diabetes should limit eating fruit, eat a particular hand, the control diet, limit alcohol quit smoking is important to treat diabetes aspects, so do not exist "occasionally smoke a cigarette does not matter," "eat a matter" of the chances, one can often have a second or third time.
6. To maintain emotional stability. Mood swings can lead to elevated blood sugar. Emotional self-control is also very important, need long-term tempering, as long as there is always this "sense of self-control", there will be benefits. To avoid family conflicts, big and small do not get angry, to be open-minded, events and more to discuss, do not care about small things. Things to work with dedication proud, do not over-emphasis on fame status. Anyone at work or in life are not smooth sailing, always run into something goes wrong, especially in the assessment title, rising wages, job transfers are not going well more likely to cause fluctuations in mood, and sentiment can cause blood sugar fluctuations in the diabetes illness. If the "good health" on top of these problems, for not liking things indifferent, the "fame and fortune" lightly, the adverse health factors reduced to a minimum.
7. To overcome the paralysis of thought. With the sick time, their emphasis on the extent of the disease gradually indifferent, diet is not strict, self-monitoring is not serious, "three days of fits and starts," medicine is not time to eat, do not check blood sugar, or even Like butter did not have diabetes, regardless of whether all comes naturally, this can only lead to elevated blood glucose fluctuations or accelerate diabetic complications. Therefore, patients with diabetes to overcome the paralysis of thought, always keep the attention of the disease, through long-term medical practice, more to learn to observe the condition, to understand the disease, treatment of disease control knowledge and skills to their own fate into their own hands, improve their quality of life.
8. Rich and varied life. Many people with diabetes contacts, participate in beneficial activities, and colorful life will make people feel happy and cheerful, to lift the tension and worry of the disease, help control blood sugar. With more people, especially in contacts of patients with diabetes, diabetes can control the experience of each other, appreciate, encourage each other, help each other.
9. "Trouble" is the needs and conditions. Diabetes is necessary to control the diet, increase physical activity, regular medication, but also for blood sugar, urine sugar monitoring, and so on, really "trouble." But precisely because of these "trouble" that ensures a stable condition. The "trouble" the need to control the disease. Patients with diabetes to overcome the "trouble" mentality, not to treat a number of means and methods of diabetes as "an additional burden." If you do not "trouble", diet control, medication three days fishing, two days drying nets, poor blood sugar control, once the complications, resulting in dysfunction, blindness, disability. Then give yourself the pain, the burden to their families, and now need to do more, and now the "trouble" is negligible. In fact, the concept of changing the look, the current "trouble" as essential to life are not things that trouble, as long as the stick will be used.

No Typical Symptoms Of Diabetes Is The Disease?

　Diabetes is due to inadequate secretion of insulin or human insulin disorders caused by sugar, fat, protein metabolism and secondary water and electrolyte metabolism of a chronic disease. With clinically typical "little" symptoms of diabetes can lead to patient and doctor's attention, but two-thirds of the patients lacked the typical clinical symptoms, especially in elderly patients are more prone to diabetes patients and doctors misdiagnosis.
How to clues from some clinical signs for early detection of diabetes, is more important for primary care physicians, this issue, I interviewed the Hospital of Hebei Province, Zhang Geng Liang, associate professor of diabetes specialist. Based on years of clinical experience and relevant information, experience of the following conditions should be alert to the occurrence of this disease and there.
1, the "little" as a prominent symptom in a particular performance. Clinically, diabetes, typical of the "little" four performers are rare, and often complained of four symptoms in one or two, which is a common symptoms of dry mouth to drink.
2 to fasting hypoglycemia symptoms are prominent. More than 40 years of adult onset diabetes, some symptoms of hypoglycemia in the fasting, which is due to the patient's height delayed islet cell insulin secretion in fasting insulin levels are relatively high, and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
3, in some complications of diabetes for the outstanding performance, and disease in some patients the main complaint, a common complaint is vaginal itching, cataracts, skin, repeated periodontal purulent infections, peripheral neuritis, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral thrombosis, kidney disease, autonomic dysfunction.
4, the main performance began ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, coma due to emergency patients, and no past history of diabetes, it is not easy to think of diabetes, which is commonly the elderly.
5, pregnant women giving birth macrosomia, maternal diabetes, macrosomia produced incidence of diabetes is about 10 times the normal pregnant women, a huge fetal blood is the direct cause of fetal hyperinsulinemia, and insulin promote fat and protein synthesis, so large fetal development, it produced a huge case of the fetus in pregnant women with diabetes should be considered possible.
6, often associated with diabetes associated with certain diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, idiopathic hypothyroidism, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia, chronic thyroiditis, Addison's disease and diabetes coexist, they may be common genetic factors exist.
7, positive family history of diabetes, diabetes, genetic predisposition has long been recognized. Diabetes couples, their children suffering from diabetes rate of about 50%, the incidence of monozygotic twins with diabetes about 48%, dizygotic twins have a diabetes prevalence rate of about 20% -22%, mothers more likely than genetic fathers to their children about 3 times larger, these figures suggesting that the positive family history, should be alert to the possibility of diabetes.
8, in clinical practice, because of medical discovery, many cases of diabetes, age-related diabetes found that 30% of system checks. It is therefore recommended for elderly patients in outpatient and hospitalized patients should be routinely done urine, blood glucose. In addition, no typical symptoms of diabetes, often itchy skin, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, cataracts, children with enuresis, impotence, foot ulcers, and other timely Niaozhu slip for check-ups.
In summary, the clinical manifestations of diabetes was not typical, the performance of a variety, only have to have sufficient knowledge, so as not to misdiagnosis. Clinical signs of suspected diabetes, you should be routine urine examination, fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood sugar, urine sugar, if negative, fasting blood glucose to normal, to exclude the disease, can only be done under the glucose tolerance test findings.

Diabetes Home Care

Diabetes is a chronic disease, and may even be lifelong, so in daily life, diabetes care has become extremely important. If the lack of effective care, may cause further deterioration of disease, threatening the patient's health. So, how home care patients with diabetes do we do?
① must prevent hypoglycemia: low blood sugar that must be treated early, so you can quickly ease. However, if the delay in treatment would lead to very serious consequences.
② in peacetime to protect the skin to prevent infection. Personal hygiene, bathing a week under normal circumstances, change clothes once or twice, to keep the skin of the plot, in particular, to keep the genital area clean. Cleaning the perineum daily to prevent urinary tract infections.
③ regularly to the hospital for examination, such as the fundus, electrocardiogram and blood. Prevent other complications from occurring.
Above to explain the diabetes home care, hope the above can help to you. Good home care can help the treatment of patients. I wish a speedy recovery in patients with Friends!

Clinical Staging Of Patients With Diabetes

Diabetic nephropathy is a relatively complex and comprehensive disease at different stages of diabetic nephropathy by different methods. Only on the basis of targeted treatment of different periods, will be more effective. So diabetic nephropathy is how in the clinical staging. Here we look at hope for the treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy provide some help.
The following five points to guide clinical treatment and prognosis.
A: increased glomerular filtration rate and renal volume increase for the characteristics of newly diagnosed IDDM patients to have this change, while renal blood flow and glomerular capillary perfusion pressure and the pressure increased.
Two: the period of normoalbuminuria. This period of normal urinary albumin excretion rate (less than 20 micrograms / min or 30 mg / 24 hours), UAE increased after exercise but return to normal after rest. This period of glomerular structural changes have occurred, GBM thickening and mesangial matrix increase.
Three: mildly elevated blood pressure in early diabetic nephropathy. The patients with slightly elevated blood pressure, lower blood pressure can be partially reduced urinary albumin excretion. The patient's GBM thickening and mesangial matrix increase is more obvious, there are nodular and diffuse glomerular lesions and hyaline degeneration of small arteries and glomeruli have begun to appear abandoned.
Four: clinical diabetic nephropathy or overt diabetic nephropathy. This period is characterized by a large number of albumin, urinary protein consistently greater than 0.5 g per 24 hours non-selective proteinuria, severe proteinuria greater than 2.0 g per 24 hours. With the large number of urinary protein loss can occur hypoalbuminemia and edema. Blood pressure. Thickened GBM patients, mesangial matrix widening, increased glomerular abandoned.
Five: the end-stage renal failure. Once diabetic patients develop persistent proteinuria clinical diabetic nephropathy, due to widespread thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, glomerular capillary cavity of the narrow and more glomerular abandoned, decreased kidney filtration function, causing azotemia and renal failure, more than the last patient's GFR <10ml/min, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, with severe hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, edema, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting secondary to uremia neuropathy and cardiomyopathy.
As each body of diabetic patients is different, so the rate of progression of the disease are not the same. However, diabetic patients need to understand their stage of diabetic nephropathy in which. So as to develop their own treatment, control disease, prevent disease complications appear.

How To Improve The Treatment Of Insulin

Currently, more and more patients with diabetes use insulin therapy. According to the 2003 Group of China, cooperation in the investigation report shows that the proportion of patients treated with insulin five years increased by 15%. 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) launches the global fight against type 2 diabetes guidelines that, when oral hypoglycemic medications and lifestyle interventions can not make blood glucose should begin insulin therapy. In addition, when the maximum dose of oral medication and has to remain greater than 7.5% glycated hemoglobin, they should start insulin therapy. Thus, how to improve insulin action, improve treatment, reduce the dose, reduce treatment costs, mitigate potential adverse effects, for many patients with diabetes concerns.
Weight control
Overweight and obesity is caused by insulin resistance and reduced insulin sensitivity in the body of the important reasons. Diabetes through a reasonable diet, healthy habits, appropriate exercise to reduce excessive weight is an important measure to improve insulin sensitivity, but also a good way to be effective. Often see clinically obese diabetic patients lose weight, blood glucose control becomes easier, and the gradual decrease in the insulin dose. Weight reduction and improved insulin resistance but also help reduce the burden of islet cells secrete insulin, to a certain extent, to protect the ability of endogenous insulin secretion.
Develop good exercise habits
Appropriate exercise can help to promote insulin play a role in accelerating the body-related organizations such as muscle, fat and other glucose utilization. Note that, to choose their own physical condition of exercise, physical activity should be appropriate to avoid hypoglycemia and excessive movement of the body caused by over-consumption, decreased immunity and so on.
Reasonable distribution of the meal insulin dose
Insulin is a hormone that helps the body to glucose, but elevated blood sugar hormones such as glucagon, growth hormone, corticosteroids, adrenaline, insulin has a biological role of antagonism. The glucagon secretion in the human evolutionary process, has formed its own secretion, such as dawn and early morning this time the role of glucagon and strong, or even result in the so-called "dawn phenomenon", that early morning high blood sugar. Therefore, the dose of insulin before breakfast may be increased, lunch and dinner before the dose can be reduced accordingly.
Actively control the stress
If there are other acute physical or emotional illness, due to sympathetic and glucagon secretion, will diminish the role of insulin. Therefore, aggressive treatment with disease should learn to control their emotions and maintain a healthy mental state, in order to facilitate the treatment of diabetes.
Use the appropriate insulin dosage
Human insulin, animal insulin to help change the efficacy of insulin play, reduce adverse reactions and the body's immune response to foreign proteins. In addition, the use of human insulin to human insulin analogues will also be used to improve the therapeutic effect of insulin, insulin analogues because of the absorption and distribution more in line with the physiological state of insulin secretion, and its compliance and security are better.
Use of insulin sensitizers
These drugs are mainly thiazolidinediones, TZDs and biguanide drugs. Current clinical use, the former rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, etc., which are mainly metformin. Mechanism of action of these drugs is to increase muscle and fat tissue to insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, and promote the role of insulin, thereby reducing the insulin dose.
Aggressive treatment of metabolic disorders
Diabetes is the accumulation of a variety of metabolic abnormalities status, patients with diabetes tend to exist in fact a variety of metabolic abnormalities. Some patients are the metabolic syndrome itself, the existence of such patients are also abnormal lipid metabolism, blood viscosity state, and even high blood sugar itself has toxic effects on the body. For example, toxic or high-fat high-sugar toxicity itself can damage both the endogenous insulin secretion, and also promote the body's insulin resistance, or reduce the biological effect of insulin. Therefore, the positive control of metabolism will greatly improve the body's condition is conducive to insulin play a role.

Mo Panic Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Heart

When he learned that his diabetes, many patients With diabetes the fear and ignorance, is a loss, a loss. Some "follow the others to go," What kind of medicine he has other people eat what drugs, completely regardless of their actual situation.
Some "go along with advertising," want to find cure diabetes medicine, the hope to the rhetoric of counterfeit fraud, the results end up "money lessons" and even "life and wealth."
Lack of knowledge of diabetes and lack of pathological insulin as dangerous. In order to enable more patients to avoid detours, reduce pain, happy life, health and longevity, I have learned of their diabetes knowledge were consolidated, could suffer from diabetes, she has reminder.
Given a bit early to state of mind in patients with diabetes often reflect two different mindsets: one is do not care, one is so much about. Do not care, mainly for diabetes do not know, because no symptoms of the beginning, always feel very far away from their own complications, not diet, do not take medicine, making the condition deteriorated rapidly.
So much about, is panicked, life would be finished that had diabetes, it is a great time to enjoy a new life, but to get the "die of cancer," eat life "sick food", had to take medicine and injections every day, that particularly aggrieved. In order to cure their disease, four doctors look for in order to please the panacea, the traditional remedy.
In the diet is strictly controlled, resulting in malnutrition, people are increasingly not the spirit. The right attitude should be: one should pay attention, the second to be afraid of. To "as they come, the security, so that the body slowly increased resistance." Worry, anxiety, pessimism is futile, only added to their pain, or even worse.
So treat this chronic disease, one should despise it, do not be intimidated; the other hand, should pay attention to it, and doctors with a reasonable diet, adequate exercise, science and medicine and optimistic attitude.
To be a type of the disease know they have diabetes, but in the end is a type 1 or type 2? Is insulin resistance, insulin insufficiency good? Is light or heavy? Must be individualized, to the therapy. Patients to the hospital to do some testing to determine whether insulin release insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin and blood glucose testing.
For the initial diagnosis of diabetes if fasting plasma glucose more than 12.0mmol / L at an early stage to use insulin, so blood sugar through the high toxicity of the storm, so that patients regain their strength and improve symptoms, and rescue some of the early damage but reversible pancreatic B cell function, most patients can get satisfactory results.
Some patients at 3 months can gradually reach out insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents and switched. Given a solution to the treatment of diabetes due to a variety of treatment is complex, each person's specific situation is different, must be under the guidance of a doctor, according to the "five carriages" principle, development of a targeted individual treatment program.

Diabetes, Smoking, Alcohol Culprit

Because tobacco contains substances to stimulate the secretion of adrenaline, inhaled cigarette when the big mouth, the spirit will make people excited, vasoconstriction, which is detrimental to patients with diabetes. Because of vasoconstriction and increased secretion of adrenaline will cause the body in a stress, to inhibit the secretion of substances increased insulin secretion, hyperglycemia. Some studies show that long-term heavy smoking is difficult to control blood glucose one of the reasons, it is best to quit smoking diabetic patients.
High number of patients with diabetes should not drink liquor, if alcohol will often lead to elevated blood triglycerides, and a heavy burden on the liver, the liver in alcohol long-term stimulation, the hardening will occur, thus having an impact on glycogen storage, This is extremely detrimental to the stability of blood sugar, In addition, alcohol and some hypoglycemic drugs (such as sulfonylureas) are fueling, the patient appeared flustered, gas tight, dizziness, flushing and other adverse reactions, and some will appear low blood sugar. Patients on insulin, fasting drinking can easily lead to low blood sugar reactions, be dangerous in some patients, attention should be paid.
Diabetes should not drink liquor. But wine, rice wine and other low-alcohol wine can be appropriate to drink, wine also contains a certain type of nutrition and health effects. But after drinking a corresponding reduction in the amount of staple food, and pay attention to such a low alcohol wine and do not drink when fasting or excessive drinking.
Smoking and drinking extra sad when liver
Some people always like to keep smoking and drinking when, in fact, this is a single drink, or smoke more than unhealthy bad habits. In recent years, studies have shown abroad: alcoholic drinks and tobacco, regardless of home, not easy to damage the brain and heart, will double the liver (for the individual in terms of alcohol liver injury).
Drinking time and smoking, alcohol and tobacco "two-pronged" will produce a synergistic effect, the sum of two evils not only an increased risk of cancer, but also to make alcoholic drinks and tobacco in various "toxins" easy to spread through the mucosa into the blood and in a lot of harm to health caused, especially to the liver and cardiovascular damage can not be ignored. Because the liver of this "chemical factory" to absorb 95% of alcohol metabolized into other chemical substances, which increase the burden on the liver, it decreased metabolic detoxification function, which can cause fatty liver clearance function of the blood reduce excess lipids will be blocked blood vessels, carrying nutrients and oxygen to the blood cells is difficult to reach all parts of the body. In addition, while drinking while smoking, smoke and carbon monoxide and hemoglobin in the blood combined (carbon monoxide binding with hemoglobin than oxygen binding with hemoglobin 200 times higher), which would seriously undermine the delivery of oxygen to red blood cells ability. Will clearly lead to a lack of oxygen in the blood. Such as the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, alcohol and tobacco "peer", but also likely to cause myocardial infarction and hypertension, some individuals may cause serious consequences of brain cell death.

Diabetes Drug Treatment Process Errors

Misunderstanding: "There where the three-drug", hyperglycemia refuse medication
Diet therapy is an important means of treatment of diabetes, but diet alone can only make part of the mild patients achieved satisfactory glycemic control for most patients to drug treatment only provides a foundation. So for those who diet alone can not achieve treatment goals in diabetic patients, must be added with the proper medication. But the same can not be relaxed after treatment diet, we can say diet, exercise and drugs is an organic unity, which constitutes the treatment of diabetes, "Troika." In general, the dose of hypoglycemic drug side effects are mild, it is safe to take. Furthermore, if the blood glucose control can not be satisfied, "high blood glucose toxicity" caused harm to the body far more than the side effects of hypoglycemic agents, so that more harm than good.
Myth: high cost of medicines, blood glucose must be good
Currently on the market more types of oral hypoglycemic drugs, the prices vary, many patients with diabetes seem to have the mind of such a "consensus": the more expensive the price of drugs hypoglycemic effect is more obvious, than imported drugs must be made good . In fact, this view is one-sided, drug prices can not serve as the basis for drug selection should be based on each patient's own disease states may be different.
Insulin secretion and insulin resistance is the body of the two aspects of diabetes, so oral hypoglycemic agents is the key to solve these two problems. Since each individual differences exist between patients, therefore, different patients need different types of antidiabetic drugs. In addition to have some knowledge of the drug, but also with diabetes age of onset, duration, height, weight and history of other diseases and other factors into account, can not simply choose the price up. Otherwise, not only unsatisfactory glycemic control, may also damage the body's other organs. So, you have to choose a specialist under the guidance of hypoglycemic drugs.
Myth: Drug frequent change, combined with random
Many patients believe that taking a hypoglycemic drugs poor blood sugar control, the combined use of one, two, if still not standard on the three kinds or four kinds of oral hypoglycemic drugs taken together in order to achieve a "cumulative effect" . This idea is not comprehensive, not clear and specific types of drug interactions, blindly increasing the oral medication, may not only fail to increase the efficacy of the role, but will make the drug "side effects" to be cumulative.
Currently, the clinical application of the principles advocated drug combination is generally: between different drugs the same drugs at the same time to avoid the application; different types of drugs can be combined with two or three; insulin can be used with any kind with the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs . Different types of drugs hypoglycemic mechanisms, the combined efficacy can play a complementary role to play in different ways a greater hypoglycemic effect. For example, sulfonylurea drugs, primarily to promote insulin secretion, and biguanide drugs to promote tissue glucose utilization, increased insulin sensitivity, such a "two-pronged approach", can achieve a better hypoglycemic effect. With commonly used oral hypoglycemic drugs are: sulfonylurea + metformin, sulfonylurea + α-glucosidase inhibitor, sulfonylurea + thiazole TZDs, biguanides + α-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides + thiazolidinediones, TZDs.
In addition, most oral hypoglycemic agents hypoglycemic effect is not immediate, in particular, α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, TZDs and biguanide drugs, often take days or weeks in order to better play its role so often after treatment to observe a period of time. Frequent dressing changes, it is difficult to achieve the maximum hypoglycemic effect of the drug. Has been better control of patients with hypoglycemic agents not to be any changes, otherwise it will cause blood sugar fluctuations, and may even accelerate the failure of oral hypoglycemic agents.
Myth: "hit and will be addicted," refused to insulin
As we all know, insulin is hypoglycemic best weapon. However, many diabetic patients on insulin, there are many prejudices, and even after that insulin addiction, refused to insulin, lost the opportunity to treat serious complications. As the former medical profession has to type 2 diabetes referred to as "non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus", so that many patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin injections should not be. In fact, this understanding is not correct, in addition to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes require insulin in the following circumstances: (1) The adequate treatment of oral hypoglycemic agents, blood glucose control were not satisfied; (2) acute complications; (3) with severe chronic complications; (4) with severe disease; (5) infection; (6), surgery and stress; (7) pregnancy and so on. Most of these cases is temporary use of insulin, even after the acute state to switch to oral medication to eliminate. And for those who had failed on oral hypoglycemic agents in patients using insulin for some time, while eliminating the high glucose toxicity; the other hand, allows pancreatic β-cell rest and recovery, may renew the islet β-cells of oral hypoglycemic drug reaction, then consider switching to oral hypoglycemic agents. Of course, if their β-cell function completely recession, the situation can not be removed or the merger, we need long-term insulin.
Myth: good blood glucose control, drug stopped immediately
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, the medical profession at home and abroad this disease has no cure, good blood glucose control and maintenance of long-standing need for comprehensive treatment, including diet, exercise and medication. However, many patients tend to see their blood sugar to normal immediately after the relaxation of the diet, or even withdrawal. Restore normal blood glucose is a doctor and patient pursuit of the ideal goal should be to maintain normal blood glucose after the original treatment. If you suspect a low blood sugar reactions, can be appropriate under the guidance of a doctor to reduce the dosage. However, in elderly patients, or associated with a clear heart, brain, liver and kidney complications in patients with controlled blood sugar levels should not be too low. Each patient should consult a doctor to specialist, to develop a realistic glycemic goals.
Myth: As long as it feels good, do not have to find a doctor
Many diabetic patients in the treatment process, always thinks, as long as there is no obvious discomfort, he said that the condition under control, do not see a doctor, but does not check blood sugar, which is very risky. We know that the current diagnosis of diabetes and to determine the disease, based primarily on blood sugar levels, symptoms only as a reference. Many studies have shown that all the complications of diabetes, development, and blood glucose levels are closely related. Therefore, each patient must adhere to regular blood sugar testing, including fasting glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose. General recommendations were more stable blood sugar, check every 2 to 4 weeks and a fasting 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, but for those in the treatment of blood glucose fluctuations or adjustments should be appropriate to increase the number of blood glucose testing. Of course, if patients have a portable self-blood glucose meter, blood glucose can be closely monitored daily. In addition, glycated hemoglobin reflects the past 2 to 3 months the overall level of blood sugar, generally require 3 to 6 months to once in order to more fully grasp the level of blood glucose control.
Finally, you need to remind the majority of patients, diabetes is both preventable and control of a class of diseases, it is important to take a scientific and rational method of treatment, in your perseverance. Through the joint efforts of you and your physician, I believe you will be able to enjoy the same life and health of people, the same longevity.

Six Strange Symptoms Of Diabetes

Contracture of the palm can not be stretched flat foot, flat arches, the sign said "hand contracture." Palmar skin palpable cord-like induration, press a pain, local skin rough, severe reduction fingers to the palm side of the arrest. This phenomenon is found in the foot, "the foot contracture," because the bottom with the palm of your hand enough to cause thrombosis of small arteries aponeurosis malnutrition, and addressed to the fibrous tumor-like proliferation. Diabetes is a manifestation of systemic vascular disease.
Impotence male diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction disease by the total incidence of 4O% ~ 6O%, previously thought to be organic, seems today, more than half functional, after appropriate treatment can be improved, and gradually restore the penis erectile function.
Smaller pupil pupil with infrared electronic meter precision determination of pupil size, the normal average of 15.4 ± 6.8 square millimeters, while diabetes is an average of 12.5 ± 5.8 mm square, men and women were much the same. To check the eyes, often require pupil dilation, diabetes drugs of the response is not sensitive to dilate and expand the pupil effect is lower than normal. This abnormal reaction and diabetes caused by sympathetic, parasympathetic autonomic neuropathy related.
Achilles tendon reflex Achilles tendon reflex is to check nerve function method, which uses the rear of the diagnosis of Achilles tendon percussion hammer, the normal response of the gastrocnemius muscle contraction, enough to stumble surface buckling. Abnormal glucose tolerance test Achilles tendon reflex, about 5O% or more, while only 4% of normal. Longer duration of the Achilles tendon reflex of the lower or the higher incidence of the disappearance, the examination for early detection of diabetes has a positive meaning.
Low awareness of urination difficult urination, prolonged voiding interval, as well as dysuria, urinary bladder over increased bladder expansion embolism, are diabetic reaction. There may be serious urinary tract infection, urine reflux, renal failure and other complications, some causing bacteremia, difficult to treat, the prognosis is poor. Middle-aged men, dysuria, consider only the prostatic hyperplasia is not comprehensive, it should be linked to diabetes.
Women prone to upper body obesity, diabetes, obesity. The upper body obese women, waist / hip circumference greater than 0.7, irrespective of how body weight, abnormal glucose tolerance test to account for more than 6O%. When waist / hip circumference greater than O.85, the oral glucose tolerance test checks must be done, because this situation is likely to suffer from diabetes. Signs of upper body obese women, the diagnosis of diabetes can be used as an important indicator. Lower body obese women less prone to the disease.

Diabetes To Be Aware Of Three "early"

As the complexity of the human body structure and the complexity of human disease, medicine is an imperfect science. Of many diseases including diabetes, although our understanding than in the past made great progress, but fully understand and master from far away they. It is only through unremitting efforts to continuously explore, to understand the disease closer to the truth, the treatment of disease become more and more correct and perfect. Accumulated in recent years a lot of basic research and clinical study results, we have the concept of type 2 diabetes and strategies have been updated and progress, one of which is to abandon the traditional ladder-style treatment model, replaced as soon as possible active intervention, as soon as possible to actively optimize the combination therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents and early active start-up and use of insulin therapy.
Early and active intervention
Because the large number of patients with diabetes, the prevalence increased at an alarming rate, but also the consequences of death and disability due to serious complications, diabetes has become a major threat to human health diseases. The fundamental purpose of treating diabetes is to minimize the complications of diabetes. In order to reduce complications, especially the risk of macrovascular complications, we deal with type 2 diabetes patients with multiple risk factors for cerebrovascular disease the focus integrated intervention, full compliance, including blood glucose, blood pressure, lipid, anticoagulation, weight reduction. Among them, the strict control of blood glucose to compliance is the primary goal of diabetes treatment. Diabetic microvascular and macrovascular disease risk increased with the increase of HbA1c; and HbA1c decreasing by 1%, would enable the microvascular complications, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes related deaths, the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke were reduced by 37 %, 43%, 21%, 14% and 12%. Therefore, in order to reduce the complications of diabetes, must be individualized to strict control of blood glucose.
Studies have shown that human existence "metabolic memory" effect, in patients with early long-term strict control of blood sugar will benefit, especially the large blood vessels, any strict control of blood glucose in patients with early, after years of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease events would be significantly reduced. Published in recent years and China's national Diabetes Prevention Guide 2007 edition of Type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment guidelines are recommended for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, oral hypoglycemic agents should be brought forward to with diet, exercise therapy at the same time. Whether the patient should be clinically obese or overweight based on such individual choice of different oral hypoglycemic therapy, and positive adjustment, so that blood safety standards.
Active as soon as possible to optimize the treatment of oral hypoglycemic agents
As the oral hypoglycemic agents hypoglycemic effect of monotherapy is limited, and any kind of oral hypoglycemic agents can not simultaneously solve all the problems of diabetes, so when an oral hypoglycemic agents can not make blood glucose, it should be used as soon as possible combination therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents. General idea of ​​the joint types of drugs should not be excessive dose of each drug use should not be too large. The so-called oral hypoglycemic agents to optimize combination therapy, including pathophysiology of joint, "foundation - meal time," the joint and complementary advantages of joint three.
Type 2 diabetes, there are two major pathophysiological abnormalities, insulin resistance and insulin secretion is impaired. Insulin sensitizers (such as metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) primarily address insulin resistance, insulin secretagogues (such as repaglinide, nateglinide and promote the secretion of various sulfonylurea agent) to correct insulin secretion by the main loss. These two drugs combined to meet the pathophysiology of joint, type 2 diabetes can be corrected while the existence of two major pathophysiological abnormalities.
"Basic - meal time" originally referred to short-acting insulin combined with long-term (in effect) insulin combined, the first for the absolute lack of insulin replacement therapy of type 1 diabetes, short-acting insulin before meals with postprandial blood glucose control, and , the long-acting insulin to control fasting (base) blood sugar. Later extended to type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, oral hypoglycemic agents in recent years that the treatment of type 2 diabetes also can be used "basis - meal time" treatment. Based control instead of fasting insulin (base) blood sugar drug is an insulin sensitizer; instead of prandial blood sugar control drugs nateglinide postprandial insulin secretion promoting agents (repaglinide, nateglinide). These two drugs combined to meet the "basic - meal time," the joint, can control the fasting (base) blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose.
The so-called complementary joint, on the one hand means the combination of drugs have their own strengths, such as a drug for insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion for the other drugs; a major drug control fasting (base) blood glucose, another major drug postprandial blood glucose control. On the other hand refers to the disadvantage of being a different combination of drugs, such as a drug with low blood sugar or weight gain side effects, another drug should not have these same adverse reactions; a more expensive drug, another drug should be cheaper. And so on.
Optimization of oral hypoglycemic agents in combination therapy, the current recommendation is that most classes insulin secretagogues nateglinide and metformin combination therapy, because they are fully consistent with the joint between the joint optimization of the three, many clinical studies to fully confirmed their joint is the best combination.
Positive start as early as possible and use insulin
If long-term use of oral hypoglycemic medication efficacy become worse when the poor blood sugar control, once enabled insulin therapy significantly improved glycemic control would make. Insulin treatment can rapidly correct the lack of endogenous insulin and control of high glucose toxicity, reduced β-cell apoptosis, restored β-cell function. Therefore, the early start of insulin therapy is the need for blood glucose, but also the need to protect β cells. Well simulate physiological insulin secretion patterns of insulin analogues appear greatly improved insulin therapy safety and effectiveness, so as soon as possible to start insulin therapy.
Published in recent years, several large clinical study showed that our patients with type 2 diabetes start insulin therapy when the average duration of more than 6 years, HbA1c 9.0% above the average are. Insulin treatment is started early enough, use enough positive, is low blood glucose in patients with diabetes is an important reason. What is the timing of starting insulin therapy "as soon as possible?" There is no evidence to support the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, once insulin therapy is enabled, unless the patient's severe metabolic disorders (such as HbA1c> 10%). For most patients, the general idea of ​​oral hypoglycemic agents by optimizing the treatment of 3 to 6 months, if glycemic control is still not satisfied, which should start insulin therapy.